{"id":328,"date":"2025-09-16T15:59:38","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T07:59:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tgwttt.xyz\/?p=328"},"modified":"2025-11-24T16:36:51","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T08:36:51","slug":"socket%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tgwttt.xyz\/?p=328","title":{"rendered":"socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u7406\u89e3\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u2f6c\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IP\u5728\u2f79\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u2f64\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u552f\u2f00\u6027
\u540e\u2faf\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8bb2 IP \u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u540e\u2faf\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0 IP \u7684\u7279\u70b9

\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7<\/strong>
\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7( port )\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5185\u5bb9.
\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a 2 \u5b57\u8282 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u6574\u6570
\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7\u2f64\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u2f00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b, \u544a\u8bc9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf, \u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8981\u4ea4\u7ed9\u54ea\u2f00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406;
IP\u5730\u5740 + \u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7\u80fd\u591f\u6807\u8bc6\u2f79\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u2f00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u67d0\u2f00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b;
\u2f00\u4e2a\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u2f00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u2f64
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7\u8303\u56f4\u5212\u5206<\/strong>
0 – 1023 : \u77e5\u540d\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7, HTTP, FTP, SSH \u7b49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u2f34\u4e3a\u4f7f\u2f64\u7684\u5e94\u2f64\u5c42\u534f\u8bae, \u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7\u90fd\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1024 – 65535 : \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7. \u5ba2\u2f3e\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7, \u5c31\u662f\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u914d\u7684.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7406\u89e3 “\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7” \u548c “\u8fdb\u7a0bID”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2f00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7; \u4f46\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed1\u5b9a;
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7406\u89e3\u6e90\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7\u548c\u2f6c\u7684\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7<\/strong>
\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae( TCP \u548c UDP )\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7, \u5206\u522b\u53eb\u505a\u6e90\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7\u548c\u2f6c\u7684\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7. \u5c31\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0 “\u6570\u636e\u662f\u8c01\u53d1\u7684, \u8981\u53d1\u7ed9\u8c01”;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7406\u89e3socket<\/strong>
IP \u5730\u5740\u2f64\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u4e92\u8054\u2f79\u4e2d\u552f\u2f00\u7684\u2f00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c port \u2f64\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u552f\u2f00\u7684\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f79\u7edc\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IP+Port \u5c31\u80fd\u8868\u2f70\u4e92\u8054\u2f79\u4e2d\u552f\u2f00\u7684\u2f00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e92\u8054\u2f79\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee3\u8868\u2f08\u6765\u8fdb\u2f8f\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c{srcIp\uff0csrcPort\uff0cdstIp\uff0cdstPort}\u8fd9\u6837\u76844\u5143\u7ec4\u5c31\u80fd\u6807\u8bc6\u4e92\u8054\u2f79\u4e2d\u552f\u2f06\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u2f79\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u628a ip+port \u53eb\u505a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57 socket<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868<\/strong>
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u2f79\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u2f79\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u8fdb\u2f8f\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8c03\u2f64\u7684\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u2f64\uff0c\u6765\u8fdb\u2f8f\u7684\u2f79\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ba4\u8bc6TCP\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>
Tcp\u534f\u8bae\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2faf\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ba4\u8bc6UDP\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>
Udp\u534f\u8bae\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2f46\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2faf\u5411\u6570\u636e\u62a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2f79\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6709\u2f24\u7aef\u548c\u2f29\u7aef\u4e4b\u5206, \u78c1\u76d8\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u6709\u2f24\u7aef\u2f29\u7aef\u4e4b\u5206, \u2f79\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u540c\u6837\u6709\u2f24\u7aef\u2f29\u7aef\u4e4b\u5206. \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u2f79\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5462?
1.\u53d1\u9001\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6309\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u2fbc\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u51fa; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.\u63a5\u6536\u4e3b\u673a\u628a\u4ece\u2f79\u7edc\u4e0a\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u4f9d\u6b21\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d,\u4e5f\u662f\u6309\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u2fbc\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4fdd\u5b58;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u56e0\u6b64,\u2f79\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5e94\u8fd9\u6837\u89c4\u5b9a:\u5148\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4f4e\u5730\u5740,\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u2fbc\u5730\u5740. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a,\u2f79\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5e94\u91c7\u2f64\u2f24\u7aef\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f,\u5373\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u2fbc\u5b57\u8282. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u4e0d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u2f24\u7aef\u673a\u8fd8\u662f\u2f29\u7aef\u673a, \u90fd\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2aTCP\/IP\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u2f79\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u6765\u53d1\u9001\/\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u53d1\u9001\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u2f29\u7aef, \u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6210\u2f24\u7aef; \u5426\u5219\u5c31\u5ffd\u7565, \u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u5373\u53ef;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4f7f\u2f79\u7edc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027,\u4f7f\u540c\u6837\u7684C\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u2f24\u7aef\u548c\u2f29\u7aef\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u90fd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u2f8f,\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u2f64\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u505a\u2f79\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5f88\u597d\u8bb0, h \u8868\u2f70 host , n \u8868\u2f70 network , l \u8868\u2f70 32 \u4f4d\u2ed3\u6574\u6570, s \u8868\u2f70 16 \u4f4d\u77ed\u6574\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u5982 htonl \u8868\u2f70\u5c06 32 \u4f4d\u7684\u2ed3\u6574\u6570\u4ece\u4e3b\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u2f79\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f,\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06IP\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u51c6\u5907\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u2f29\u7aef\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u505a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u2f24\u2f29\u7aef\u8f6c\u6362\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u2f24\u7aef\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u505a\u8f6c\u6362,\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u8fd4\u56de<\/p>\n\n\n\n

socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u2f1d<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efa socket \u2f42\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 (TCP\/UDP, \u5ba2\u2f3e\u7aef + \u670d\u52a1\u5668)\nint socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);\n\/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7 (TCP\/UDP, \u670d\u52a1\u5668)\nint bind(int socket, const struct sockaddr *address, socklen_t address_len);\n\/\/ \u5f00\u59cb\u76d1\u542csocket (TCP, \u670d\u52a1\u5668)\nint listen(int socket, int backlog);\n\/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42 (TCP, \u670d\u52a1\u5668)\nint accept(int socket, struct sockaddr* address, socklen_t* address_len);\n\/\/ \u5efa\u2f74\u8fde\u63a5 (TCP, \u5ba2\u2f3e\u7aef)\nint connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sockaddr\u7ed3\u6784
socket API\u662f\u2f00\u5c42\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u2f79\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u2f1d,\u9002\u2f64\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e95\u5c42\u2f79\u7edc\u534f\u8bae,\u5982IPv4\u3001IPv6,\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u2faf\u8981\u8bb2\u7684UNIX Domain Socket. \u7136\u2f7d, \u5404\u79cd\u2f79\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5730\u5740\u683c\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
IPv4\u548cIPv6\u7684\u5730\u5740\u683c\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728netinet\/in.h\u4e2d,IPv4\u5730\u5740\u2f64sockaddr_in\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u8868\u2f70,\u5305\u62ec16\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b, 16\u4f4d\u7aef\u2f1d\u53f7\u548c32\u4f4dIP\u5730\u5740. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
IPv4\u3001IPv6\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5e38\u6570AF_INET\u3001AF_INET6. \u8fd9\u6837,\u53ea\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u67d0\u79cdsockaddr\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u2fb8\u5730\u5740,\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u54ea\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684sockaddr\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53,\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u6bb5\u786e\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
socket API\u53ef\u4ee5\u90fd\u2f64struct sockaddr *\u7c7b\u578b\u8868\u2f70, \u5728\u4f7f\u2f64\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u5316\u6210sockaddr_in; \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u901a\u2f64\u6027, \u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536IPv4, IPv6, \u4ee5\u53caUNIX Domain Socket\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684sockaddr\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6307\u9488\u505a\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sockaddr \u7ed3\u6784
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
sockaddr_in \u7ed3\u6784
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
in_addr\u7ed3\u6784
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
in_addr\u2f64\u6765\u8868\u2f70\u2f00\u4e2aIPv4\u7684IP\u5730\u5740. \u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a32\u4f4d\u7684\u6574\u6570;
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u5c31\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u6b22\u8fce\u6307\u51fa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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